Solid waste management by incineration

Solid waste management 

By incineration

In this blog, I'm going to discuss Solid waste management by incineration. The blog is split into 6 parts:

1.     Definition of the incineration

2. Common Waste Storage

3. Use of heat                                            

4. An incinerator in Rasnhash            

5. How does the system of the incineration power plant at Rasnhash works      

6. Ideas for the future

 

1.     Definition:

• Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials.
• Incineration and other high-temperature waste treatment systems are described as "thermal treatment".
• Incineration with energy recovery is one of several waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies such as gasification, pyrolysis, and anaerobic digestion.
• The energy product from incineration is high-temperature heat whereas combustible gas is often the main energy product from gasification.
• An incinerator is a furnace for burning waste. Modern incinerators include pollution mitigation equipment such as flue gas cleaning. There are various types of incinerator plant design: moving grate, fixed grate, rotary-kiln, and fluidized bed.
• Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas, and heat. The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents of the waste and may take the form of solid lumps or particulates carried by the flue gas.
•  The flue gases must be cleaned of gaseous and particulate pollutants before they are dispersed into the atmosphere. In some cases, the heat generated by incineration can be used to generate electric power.
• Incinerators reduce the solid mass of the original waste by 80–85% and the volume (already compressed somewhat in garbage trucks) by 95–96%.

 

Incinerators and their types:

An incinerator can be understood more precisely as a furnace where waste is burnt. Modern incinerators are equipped with pollution improvement systems, which play their part in cleaning up the Flue gas and such toxicants. Following are the types of plants for burning waste:

1. Moving Grate

2. Fixed Grate

3. Rotary-kiln

4. Fluidized Bed

Specialized incineration

 

2.     Common Waste Storage, Feed Preparation, and Feeding Practices in Municipal Solid-Waste, Hazardous-Waste, and Medical-Waste Incineration Facilities

 

3.     Use of heat

• The heat produced by an incinerator can be used to generate steam which may then be used to drive a turbine in order to produce electricity.
• The typical amount of net energy that can be produced per tonne of municipal waste is about 2/3 MWh of electricity and 2 MWh of district heating.
•  Thus, incinerating about 600 metric tons (660 short tons) per day of waste will produce about 400 MWh of electrical energy per day (17 MW of electrical power continuously for 24 hours) and 1200 MWh of district heating energy each day.

 

4.     An incinerator in Rasnhashe:

In this project, we will talk about this great idea made by

“Samir Mourad” in Rasnhashe in Lebanon….

And we will see in detail this small manufacture that transforms burned solid waste into electricity!!

They build a small simple electric station by burning solid wastes:

An energy station with a turbine that works on the vapor in general.

There is a closed water cycle and the water case changes between fluid and vapor.

The function of the station is to transform thermal energy into electric energy.

 

5.     How the system of the incineration power plant at Rasnhash works:

• The wastes enter the station and they are burned.
• The water in the water tank will be heated to the point of evaporation, then when the pressure of the vapor becomes 14 bars, the air valve will open and the vapor will move to the turbine to generate electricity.

• The vapor will exit the turbine and move to the condenser where it will be condensed to water.

• This water will return to the cold-water tank and then by the pump, it returns to the evaporator tank.
• The combustion needs adequate air so we need purification to the air resulting from the combustion.
• And to prevent the explosion of the pressure tank where we vaporize water, (if it will be compressed and do not be sent to the turbine), we have to put an air valve on the tank to relieve the pressure.
• The vapor enters the turbine with a high pressure so the axis that is attached to the generator will turn and we will generate electricity.
• The vapor exits the turbine with low pressure, and the condenser transforms the vapor into the water and transforms the heat to the cooling cycle.
• We can use this heat in heating…

 

6.     Ideas for the future:

• The inventor of this project thinks that we could make 6 big incinerators in Lebanon, to burn all the solid wastes, (of course, after recycling the glass and the steel).
• We have to pay for each station about 35 million $ for 40MWatt.
• This construction will take about 1 or 2 years.
• And to build a big incinerator that generates electricity, we need an area of 100m*100m.
• The wastes of this incinerator are:

       1. dangerous gases that are put into heady metals (sulfur, nitrogen, CO).

       2. the solid wastes that are about 20% and can be put in the landfill.

       3. the hazardous wastes are taken to hazardous waste management.

References:  aecenar.com

                     Wikipedia.com